Fermentation II — Fermenter Configuration and Design
Fermentation can be performed in three different configurations and these basic reactor operation configurations are:
1. Batch fermentation
2. Fed-batch fermentation
3. Continuous fermentation
The choice of the most suitable process will depend upon the type of microorganisms used; their fermentation kinetics, type of lignocellulosic biomass used, and process economics aspects. Immobilization and recirculation of cells are also common techniques used to increase the cell mass concentration, which leads to higher production of ethanol. With higher productivity, smaller fermenter can be used and this will reduce the construction cost of the fermenter.