Lignin-Based Phenol Formaldehyde Resins

31.07.2015 | Автор: spec

Synthesis of lignin-based phenol formaldehyde resins is one of the major applications of lignin. These resins have primarily been considered for use in adhesive applications, though there has been some application of lignin-containing phenol-formaldehyde resins as foams. These applications and recent developments in lignin — based polymer synthesis are discussed in two review articles [67,68]. A number of properties of wood adhesive products produced with lignin-based phenol formaldehyde resins have been found to be

Table 10.5 Applications of lignin.

Products	Reference
Application of lignosulfonate products based on their surface-active properties
Concrete additives	[29] [30]
Animal feed pelleting aid	[31]
Metallic ore processing	[32]
Oil well drilling muds	[33] [34]
Lignin and lignosulfonate products in speciality markets
Polymers and polymer blends	[35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42]
Vanillin	[43,44] [45] [46] [47 48] [49] [50] [51]
Pesticides	[52]
Dyes and pigments	[53]
Gypsum board	[54]
Water treatments	[55]
Corrosion and scale inhibition in water treatment	[56]
Industrial cleaners	[57]
Emulsifiers	[58] [59]
Matrix for micronutrient fertilizers	[60] [61] [62]
Wood preservatives	[63, 64]
Battery expanders	[65]
Specialty chelants	[66]

comparable with those of commercial resins up to about 35 wt% partial replacement with lignin. A wide range of lignins including organosolv lignin, soda lignin, and lignosulfonates have been used in phenol-formaldehyde resin preparation. In addition, there are examples of the direct use of black liquor in resin preparations [69].

Рубрика: Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol