Municipal Waste Feedstock Utilizing Cellulosic Ethanol Plants
Even though there are a relatively smaller number of research publications on utilization of municipal solid wastes for cellulosic ethanol production in comparison to other feedstocks, there are more than a dozen MSW-cellulosic ethanol plants in operation or under construction around the world. According to their website, in November 2012 Fulcrum BioEnergy, Inc. announced that it had successfully secured commitments and was proceeding toward closing financings for $175 million to fund construction of its first municipal solid waste to low-carbon fuels plant, the Sierra BioFuels Plant ("Sierra"), and to fund the development of future projects [256]. Fulcrum’s engineering and technology teams have recently made numerous enhancements to the design of the Sierra plant and to its proprietary gasification-syngas fermentation technology. The company expects these improvements will dramatically reduce its cost to produce renewable fuel to less than $0.75 per gallon at Sierra, down from approximately $1.25 per gallon as previously disclosed. The cost of production at future Fulcrum plants is now expected to be less than $0.50 per gallon, down from $0.70 per gallon as previously disclosed [256].
In addition to this, there are several operational and underconstruction municipal waste-cellulosic ethanol plants in North America, some of which are:
1. EnerKem, Westbury, Quebec, Canada; demonstration facility; began operations in 2009; 1.3 MG/year.
2. EnerKem, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; commercial facility; Phase 1 completion in 2013; 10 MG/year.
3. Fiberight, Lawrenceville, Virginia, USA; commercial facility; Phase 1 completion in 2013; 1 MG/year.
4. Fiberight, Blairstown, Iowa, USA; commercial facility; existing facility to be modified in 2013; 6 MG/year.
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