Pretreatment of Arundo donax
Research on application of various pretreatment techniques on Arundo donax is known; some of the methods applied include steam explosion [170, 171], oxalic acid [172], ethanol-alkali delignification
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Table 3.15 Average chemical composition of Arundo donax (wt% on dry basis) [139, 169].
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[173, 174], and dilute acid [175]. Ask et al. has evaluated the ethanol production from Arundo donax subjected to steam explosion pretreatment [170]. In these experiments, pretreated raw material was converted to ethanol with a xylose-consuming Saccharomyces cere — visiae strain, VTT C-10880, by applying either separate hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technique. The highest overall ethanol yield and final ethanol concentration achieved using SHF were 0.27 g g-1 and 20.6 g L-1 compared to 0.24 g g-1 and 19.0 g L-1 when SSF was used [170].